Takaya and the Palace The Relationship Between Sufi and Political Power in the Turkish Tradition

This book by Dr. Muhammad Nur Kaplan represents a significant contribution to the study of the relationship between Sufism and political authority in Islamic history. Through a nuanced historical and sociopolitical approach, the author traces the strategic role of Sufi orders in shaping governance and Islamic identity—ranging from the Seljuk dynasty and the golden age of the Ottoman Empire to the secularization processes in modern Turkey.

Drawing on Ibn Khaldun’s theoretical framework, Dr. Kaplan analyzes how spirituality and tribal fanaticism contributed to the consolidation of early Islamic power. He highlights the central role of Ash‘arite theology and institutions such as the Nizamiyyah Madrasahs in integrating religious and state authority.

The book further explores the active involvement of various Sufi orders—such as the Bektashiyya, Akhiyya, and Mawlawiyya—in the social, economic, educational, and even military structures of the Ottoman Empire. In this context, Sufism is understood not merely as a private spiritual practice, but as a civilizational force.

In the final section, Kaplan examines the radical transformation that occurred following the Kemalist Revolution, which sought to suppress Sufi institutions. Ironically, this repression prompted Sufism to evolve into a dynamic force within education, civil society, and social welfare, thereby ensuring its continued relevance. This development reflects the diverse contemporary expressions of Islam in Turkey, encompassing traditionalist, Salafi, and modernist currents.

Through sharp and critical analysis, Dr. Kaplan challenges the prevailing assumption that Sufism is inherently apolitical. On the contrary, he demonstrates that Sufism is an adaptive and publicly engaged tradition, one that has actively contributed to preserving Islamic identity across eras. The book represents a compelling integration of spiritual values and institutional frameworks within the Islamic tradition.